Stephen I. (March 14, 1271 – December 10, 1310) was duke of

Lower Bavaria Lower Bavaria (german: Niederbayern, Bavarian: ''Niedabayern'') is one of the seven administrative regions of Bavaria, Germany, located in the east of the state. Geography Lower Bavaria is subdivided into two regions () – Landshut and Donau-W ...

from 1290 until 1310 as co-regnant of his older brothers

Otto III Otto III (June/July 980 – 23 January 1002) was Holy Roman Emperor from 996 until his death in 1002. A member of the Ottonian dynasty, Otto III was the only son of the Emperor Otto II and his wife Theophanu. Otto III was crowned as King of ...

(† 1312) and

Louis III Louis III may refer to: * Louis the Younger, sometimes III of Germany (835–882) * Louis III of France (865–882) * Louis the Blind, Louis III, Holy Roman Emperor, (c. 880–928) * Louis the Child, sometimes III of Germany (893–911) * Louis I ...

(† 1296).

Biography

Stephen was born in

Landshut Landshut (; bar, Landshuad) is a town in Bavaria in the south-east of Germany. Situated on the banks of the River Isar, Landshut is the capital of Lower Bavaria, one of the seven administrative regions of the Free State of Bavaria. It is also t ...

, the son of

Henry XIII, Duke of Bavaria Henry XIII (19 November 1235 – 3 February 1290 in Burghausen), member of the Wittelsbach dynasty, was Duke of Lower Bavaria. Family He was the younger son of Otto II and Agnes of Brunswick. Biography In 1254, he succeeded his father toge ...

and

Elizabeth of Hungary Elizabeth of Hungary (german: Heilige Elisabeth von Thüringen, hu, Árpád-házi Szent Erzsébet, sk, Svätá Alžbeta Uhorská; 7 July 1207 – 17 November 1231), also known as Saint Elizabeth of Thuringia, or Saint Elisabeth of Thuringia, ...

. His maternal grandparents were

Béla IV of Hungary Béla IV (1206 – 3 May 1270) was King of Hungary and Croatia between 1235 and 1270, and Duke of Styria from 1254 to 1258. As the oldest son of King Andrew II, he was crowned upon the initiative of a group of influential noblemen in his father ...

and

Maria Laskarina Maria Laskarina (c. 1206 – 16 July or 24 June 1270) was a Greek Queen consort of Hungary by marriage to Béla IV of Hungary. She was the daughter of Theodore I Laskaris and Anna Komnena Angelina. Life She was a younger sister of Irene Lascarina ...

. His mother introduced the name Stephen onto the

Wittelsbach The House of Wittelsbach () is a German dynasty, with branches that have ruled over territories including Bavaria, the Palatinate, Holland and Zeeland, Sweden (with Finland), Denmark, Norway, Hungary (with Romania), Bohemia, the Electorate o ...

dynasty with her youngest son. She was a sister of

Stephen V of Hungary Stephen V ( hu, V. István, hr, Stjepan V., sk, Štefan V; before 18 October 1239 – 6 August 1272, Csepel Island) was King of Hungary and Croatia between 1270 and 1272, and Duke of Styria from 1258 to 1260. He was the oldest son of Kin ...

and may have named this son after him. To reduce the influence of the Wittelsbach

Pope Nicholas IV Pope Nicholas IV ( la, Nicolaus IV; 30 September 1227 – 4 April 1292), born Girolamo Masci, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 22 February 1288 to his death on 4 April 1292. He was the first Franciscan to be ele ...

refused his spiritual career in

Salzburg Salzburg (, ; literally "Salt-Castle"; bar, Soizbuag, label=Bavarian language, Austro-Bavarian) is the List of cities and towns in Austria, fourth-largest city in Austria. In 2020, it had a population of 156,872. The town is on the site of the ...

and Stephen became a co-regnant of his brothers. During the absence of Otto III in Hungary 1305-1308, Stephen was the only governing duke of Lower Bavaria. Stephen was an enemy of the

Habsburg The House of Habsburg (), alternatively spelled Hapsburg in Englishgerman: Haus Habsburg, ; es, Casa de Habsburgo; hu, Habsburg család, it, Casa di Asburgo, nl, Huis van Habsburg, pl, dom Habsburgów, pt, Casa de Habsburgo, la, Domus Hab ...

s and died in 1310 during a war against Frederick I of Austria.

Marriage and children

In 1299, Stephen married Jutta of Schweidnitz. She was a daughter of Bolko I, Duke of Jawor and Świdnica and Beatrix of Brandenburg. Her maternal grandparents were

Otto V, Margrave of Brandenburg-Salzwedel Margrave Otto V of Brandenburg-Salzwedel ( 1246 – 1298), nicknamed ''Otto the Tall'', was a son of Margrave Otto III and co-ruler of Brandenburg with his cousin, Margrave Otto IV. Otto V spent many years in Prague, at the court of his maternal u ...

and Jutta of Hennenberg. They had eight children: *Agnes of Wittelsbach (1301 - 7 December 1316). Joined the

Cistercian The Cistercians, () officially the Order of Cistercians ( la, (Sacer) Ordo Cisterciensis, abbreviated as OCist or SOCist), are a Catholic religious order of monks and nuns that branched off from the Benedictines and follow the Rule of Saint ...

Monastery at Seligenthal as a nun. *Beatrix of Wittelsbach (1302 - 29 April 1360). Married Henry III of Gorizia. Regent for their son

John Henry IV of Gorizia John Henry IV of Gorizia (1322–1338) was a medieval Count of Gorizia and a member of the Meinhardiner dynasty. He was the only surviving son of Henry III and his wife Beatrix of Lower Bavaria, the daughter of Duke Stephen I. He succeed ...

. *Friedrich of Wittelsbach (c. 1303). Considered to have died young. *Judith of Wittelsbach (c. 1304). Considered to have died young. *

Henry XIV, Duke of Bavaria Henry XIV, Duke of Bavaria (29 September 1305 – 1 September 1339), was Duke of Lower Bavaria (also called Henry II). Family Henry was born in Landshut, a son of Stephen I, Duke of Bavaria, and Jutta of Schweidnitz. His maternal grandparents ...

(29 September 1305 - 1 September 1339). * Elizabeth of Wittelsbach (1306 - 25 March 1330). Married

Otto, Duke of Austria Otto, ''the Merry'' (german: der Fröhliche; 23 July 1301 – 17 February 1339), a member of the House of Habsburg, was Duke of Austria and Styria from 1330, as well as Duke of Carinthia from 1335 until his death. He ruled jointly with his elder b ...

. *

Otto IV, Duke of Lower Bavaria Otto IV (January 3, 1307 – December 14, 1334 in Munich) was a Duke of Lower Bavaria. Family He was a son of Stephen I, Duke of Bavaria and Jutta of Schweidnitz. His maternal grandparents were Bolko I, Duke of Jawor and Świdnica and Beatrix ...

(3 January 1307 - 14 December 1334). *Ludwig of Wittelsbach (c. 1308). Considered to have died young.

Ancestors

External links

* * {{Authority control 1271 births 1310 deaths 13th-century dukes of Bavaria 14th-century dukes of Bavaria House of Wittelsbach